Table 3. Hierarchical regression for employee engagement before, during, and after the COVID pandemic

Variable	Pre-COVID(Jan 2020)	Mid-COVID(March 2020)	Post-COVID(Sept 2020)
Step 1
Employee voice	0.093	0.114*	0.175**
Managerial receptiveness	0.385**	0.411**	0.380**
F	0.247	0.269	0.275
R2	49.657**	56.145**	57.578**
Step 2
Gender	–0.130**	–0.098*	–0.140**
Age	0.153**	0.120*	0.060
Organizational tenure	0.001	–0.002	–0.025
Return to work	-	-	0.106
F	24.569**	25.418**	21.725**
R2	0.291	0.296	0.304
Δ R2	0.044	0.027	0.029
Step 3
Ding talk frequency	–0.115*	–0.052	–0.072
WeChat frequency	–0.039	0.035	0.030
Online conference frequency	0.032	–0.049	0.052
Face-to-face meetings Frequency	0.046	–0.022	–0.011
WeChat moments frequency	0.135*	0.132*	0.117*
F	13.659**	13.830**	12.447**
R2	0.316	0.318	0.318
Δ R2	0.025	0.022	0.014

Note. All standardized regression coefficients are from the final step in the analyses (n = 307).
p < .05,
p < .01.