Table 11. Results of path analysis and hypothesis testing

Hypothesis	Path	Original sample (O)	Statistics t (|O/STDEV|)	Bias-corrected 97.5% confidence interval		p-value	Supported
				Lower	Upper
H1a	TFL → IMC	0.240	3.875***	0.118	0.365	.000	Yes
H1b	TAL → IMC	0.444	6.962***	0.316	0.571	.000	Yes
H2a	IMC → CE	0.625	17.940***	0.557	0.691	.000	Yes
H2b	IMC → BMP	0.259	4.580***	0.152	0.378	.000	Yes
H2c	IMC → FP	0.129	1.929	0.002	0.264	.054	No
H3	CE → BMP	0.520	10.113***	0.411	0.614	.000	Yes
H4	CE → FP	0.086	1.259	–0.05	0.219	.208	No
H5	BMP → FP	0.380	5.421***	0.239	0.515	.000	Yes
H6a	TFL → IMC → CE	0.147	3.999***	0.076	0.221	.000	Yes
H6b	TFL → IMC → BMP	0.063	3.028**	0.027	0.109	.002	Yes
H6c	TFL → IMC → FP	0.026	1.567	–0.004	0.061	.117	No
H7a	TAL → IMC → CE	0.276	6.350***	0.194	0.364	.000	Yes
H7b	TAL → IMC → BMP	0.118	3.909***	0.064	0.184	.000	Yes
H7c	TAL → IMC → FP	0.049	1.606	–0.008	0.112	.108	No
H6d	TFL → IMC → CE → FP	0.014	1.306	–0.005	0.038	.192	No
H6e	TFL → IMC → BMP → FP	0.024	2.597*	0.009	0.046	.009	Yes
H6f	TFL → IMC → CE → BMP → FP	0.029	3.031**	0.013	0.051	.002	Yes
H7d	TAL → IMC → CE → FP	0.027	1.327	–0.01	0.069	.185	No
H7e	TAL → IMC → BMP → FP	0.045	3.182**	0.022	0.078	.001	Yes
H7f	TAL → IMC → CE → BMP → FP	0.055	4.102***	0.031	0.085	.000	Yes

Note. TFL, transformational leadership; IMC, integrated marketing communication; TAL, transactional leadership; CE, campaign effectiveness; FP, financial performance; BMP, brand market performance.
p < .05,
p < .01,
p < .001.